Tag: history (Page 4 of 13)

Sanjayayana Parva is the fiftieth upa parva included in the fifth maha parva, named as Udyoga parva, in the epic Mahabharata. The original epic was composed by Vyasa in Sanskrit. Vyshampayana had narrated the historical events that had taken place in the life of his fore fathers to Janamejaya on his queries.

Why Dritarashtra had sent Sanjaya to Yudhishtira as an ambassador?

Dritarashtra was afraid of Pandava brothers since he thought that, if a war happens in future, and in that battle, if his son Duryodhana had to face Arjuna or Bhima, then Duryodhana would die. In order to know the real temperament of Pandava brothers, Dritarashtra had sent Sanjaya as a royal ambassador towards Yudhishtira at Upaplava. 

Indraprastha was under the control of Yudhishtira thirteen years back, but now under the rule of Duryodhana and it was denied by him to grant it back to Yudhishtira. Hence Dritarashtra had given instructions to Sanjaya to assess the future happenings from the side of Yudhishtira, and try to persuade Pandavas to live peacefully, without entering into his ruling area and not to claim their parental properties. 

What was the personal message given to Yudhishtira by Sanjaya?

Sanjaya had visited Upaplava and met with Pandavas. He conveyed all the messages to the concerned persons of the royal family of Kurukshetra, at the palace that was then also called as Nagasahvaya, near the Yamuna River. But Sanjaya had personally opined and told to Yudhishtira that it may be better to live by begging alms, and follow a beggar’s life after their completion of thirteen years of exile in the forests, for the remaining period of their life.  

What was the original  message given to Sanjaya by Yudhishtira?

Senodyoga Parva is the forty ninth upa parva included in the fifth maha parva, namely the Udyoga parva in Mahabharata. Vyshampayana had narrated the historic events to Janamejaya on his queries.

How Krishna showed his desire was peace, after the marriage of Uttara?

After the marriage of Uttara, on the fourth day, there was a court session in the capital city of Matsya. Distinguished royal guests attended the session, mainly the close family relatives of Pandava brothers, and the relatives of King Virata. The kings were allowed in the beginning to chat with one another and later they had occupied their eligible seats as fit to their ranks before king Virata.

The issues of the local people were discussed initially and disposed early, and later, they turned into the subject of the provision of the lost kingdom of Yudhishtira to back to him. Krishna and Balarama were seated on either sides of their father and the entire people in the court session silently and eagerly looked towards Krishna.

Krishna finally started speaking and advised to send a suitable messenger to Nagasahvaya of Duryodhana to decide for re-posting Yudhishtira as the king of his lost land, by re-granting him half of his ruling area. He announced both the parties, Pandavas or Kauravas are equally related to him and later, he left to Dwaraka after wishing a happy future life for the newly wedded Uttara family. 

Why Yudhishtira gathered trained soldiers in Upaplava?

Yudhishtira with his brothers and Draupadi lived in Upaplava camp that was provided on a temporary settlement basis. Many kings provided them with many presents and assured help in times of need, if any. Since he was then a relative of Virata, father in law of princess Uttara, it was a necessity of that time to keep royal status, and hence to have soldiers for defense also.

In the later days, Yudhishtira being obliged by Virata, forced to gather trained soldiers, since in times of any attack to Matsya, had to provide over all military protection to him, as Kichaka or Upakichakas, the former army commanders were no more then. He got the support of seven thousand akshohini trained soldiers.

From Panchala, his brother in law, Drupada came to his help. From Madra nagara, Shalya was there to sympathise with him. The sons of Pandavas and Abhimanyu were able warriors, fully trained. The primary requirement of the Pandavas was to provide military help to Virata of Matsya. 

Why Arjuna from Upaplava, visited Krishna at Dwaraka?

Uttara Vivaha Parva is the forty-eighth upa parva included in the fourth maha parva, namely the Virata parva in Mahabharata. Vyshampayana had narrated the historic events to Janamejaya on his queries.

What was the role of Draupadi in Uttara vivaha?

After the death of Kichaka, the servants of queen Sudheshna reported to her about Sairandhi, the lady Draupadi in disguise, as she had caused his death. Kichaka was her brother and an able army commander of Matsya. The death of such a strong person may cause adverse effects to her Matsya country, and the queen thought to expel Sairandhri out of her country and informed her accordingly. Sairandhri sought a period of fifteen days to find out another placement suitable for her, and sought her unconditional pardon and begged for life and praised the queen for her generosity since she had provided food and shelter until that date.

In addition to her praying words, she had assured Sudheshna her husband is an invisible Gandharva then but could be able to provide full security to Matsya with internal security as well as border defensive force. If any chance of threat is found to Matsya, she could make use of that Gandharva to provide full security to Matsya. Sudheshna granted her fifteen days and Sairandhri promised her in the later times, she would serve both her majesty and her daughter princess Uttarakumari and try to help the queen to give away that princess in marriage since then her education was almost completed. 

What was the role of Kanka, Yudhishtira in disguise in Uttara vivaha?

When Susharma, the king of Trigarta attacked Matsya and sacked Virata to his country along with some cattle of Matsya, Kanka ordered the palace cook, Bhima in disguise, to free him from the grip of enemy soldiers. He ordered Nakula and Sahadeva to fight by gathering the Matsya army and to drive away the enemies back into Trigarta, and succeeded in the task. These services of Kanka forced Virata to take him into greater confidence. Kanka was his personal advisor in administrative matters. Gradually, Virata was also thinking to get the advice of Kanka on the matters of the marriage of Uttarakumari.     

What was the role of Uttara, the prince of king Virata in Uttarakumari vivaha?

Gograhana Parva is the forty seventh upa parva included in the fourth Maha parva, namely the Virata parva in Mahabharata. Vyshampayana had narrated the historic events to Janamejaya on his queries.

What had been reported by the servants of Duryodhana after searching for the whereabouts of Pandavas? 

Duryodhana was very curious about the whereabouts of Pandava brothers and had sent his secret investigators to all directions. The servants had searched for ten months but could not find any signs of Pandavas anywhere on the Earth. When about eleven months had elapsed, some of the servants had returned. They reported regarding the death of Kichaka and his brothers, killed by unknown Gandharvas overnight. Kichaka was the enemy of Trigartha king, Susharma. Duryodhana was happy to hear the news since the Trigartha king Susharma was his friend.    

What had Duryodhana ordered on receiving the suggestions from Karna?

Duryodhana was interested to find the Pandavas during their Ajnathavasa. As per the terms and conditions, Pandavas had to go to forest again for twelve more years if their identity were recognized. Hence Karna and Dushasana suggested sending the servants to all sides once again. Then Duryodhana tried to seek opinions of other seniors.

What had Drona suggested?

Kichakavadha Parva is the forty sixth upa parva included in the fourth maha parva, named as Virata parva, in the epic Mahabharata. The original epic was composed by Vyasa in Sanskrit. Vyshampayana had narrated the historical events that had happened during the Ajnatavasa of Pandavas to Janamejaya on his queries.

Where did Pandava brothers had lived during Ajnatavasa?

Yudhishtira lived with king Virata. He used to advise the king in administration, performed the morning rituals and played dice game as and when the king required. Hence Yudhishtira was not exposed to the general public in Matsya.

Bhima lived with royal cooks. He used to cook for the king in the kitchen, and played wrestling as and when the king required. Hence Bhima was not exposed to the general public in Matsya.

Arjuna lived with the daughter of the king Virata, as a teacher. Her name was Uttara and she was interested in learning dance and music. King Virata had built a building for dancing practice workshop, like a school, along with practicing music and related items for his daughter Uttara.

यदिदं नर्तनागारं मत्स्य राजेन कारितं ।
दिवात्र कन्या नृत्यन्ति रात्रौ यान्ति यथा गृहं ॥​

Meaning: This building for dancing workshop was built by the Matsya king. In the day times, girls used to practice dancing here and in the night, they returned to their homes.

Ajnathavasa Parva is the forty fifth upa parva included in the fourth maha parva, named as virata parva in the epic Mahabharata. The original epic was composed by Vyasa in Sanskrit. Vyshampayana had narrated the historical events that had happened in the Ajnathavasa or unrecognized life to Janamejaya on his queries.

When twelve years of exile was completed in the forest, Yudhishtira decided to bid farewell to Dhaumya Rishi and saluted him with reverence. Dhaumya Rishi then started to Panchala kingdom, after advising and blessing the five Pandava brothers and Draupadi. Dhaumya Rishi had advised the Pandavas about the life and works to be done in the palace of Virata. He advised how to live politely in a palace, be obedient and pleasing everybody including servants also.

After morning rituals, they had sat together and decided to spend the time in Ajnathavasa. Yudhishtira sought the suggestion of Arjuna for the selection of the place to live unrecognized for one year. Arjuna recited the name of the nine kingdoms surrounded to Kuru kingdome and the country Virata was one of it. As per the suggestions of Yama received after Yakshaprashna, Yudhishtira found the place Virata as better suited for Ajnathavasa.

Yakshaprashna is the forty fourth upa parva included in the third maha parva, named as Vana parva or Aranyaka parva in the epic Mahabharata. The original epic was composed by Vyasa in Sanskrit. Vyshampayana had narrated the historical events that happened in the forests to Janamejaya upon his queries.

What were the questions of the Yaksha and how Yudhishtira had answered them?

The questions of the Yaksha and the answers of Yudhishtira are listed below:

Question 01: The Yaksha questioned, “What is it that makes the Sun rise? Who keeps him company? Who causes him to set? And how he is established?”

Yudhishtira answered, “Brahma makes the Sun rise; the gods keep him company; Dharma causes him to set; and he is established in truth.”

Question 02: The Yaksha asked, “By what does one become learned and attain the very greatness? What is the second option to acquire higher levels of knowledge?”

Kundala Harina Parva is the forty third upa parva included in the third maha parva, named as Vana parva or Aranyaka parva in the epic Mahabharata. The original epic was composed by Vyasa in Sanskrit. Vyshampayana had narrated to Janamejaya the historical events that happened in the forests, on his queries.

What had been signified by the name of the upa parva as Kundala Harina?

The initial part of the upa parva narrates the story regarding the donation of ear ornaments, Karna Kunadala. The later part of the upa parva narrates the story regarding the appearance of a deer or harina, who was none other than Yama, the father of Yudhishtira, who had come to advise the Pandava brothers in disguise. 

What had been advised to Karna by the Sun God in the form of a Brahmin and how Karna reacted to him in his dream?

Draupadi Harana Parva is the forty second upa parva included in the third maha parva, named as Vana parva or Aranyaka parva in the epic Mahabharata. The original epic was composed by Vyasa in Sanskrit. Vyshampayana had narrated to Janamejaya the historical events, happened in the forests on his queries.

Who was Jayadratha and what he had done to Draupadi?

Jayadratha was the son of the King of Sindhu. Jayadratha had already married Dushala and he was the brother in law of Yudhishtira. One day, he wished to attend the marriage of Shalva and was travelling near the Pandavas’ Ashram at Kamyakavana. Jayadratha was dressed in his royal attires wearing gems and jewels and his friends, king Kotikashya and others were accompanying him.  

Pandavas were suffering in the forest due to exile and living as saints. When Jayadratha had seen Draupadi on the door steps of her Ashram, king Kotikashya had explained to him that the lady found was Draupadi. Then all Pandavas had gone out of their Ashram with weapons as other Brahmins had requested them to drive away the cruel animals from the proximity of their Ashram for the safety of their life.   

Vrihidraunika Parva is the forty first upa parva included in the third maha parva, named as Vana parva or Aranyaka parva in the epic Mahabharata. The original epic was composed by Vyasa in Sanskrit. Vyshampayana had narrated to Janamejaya the historical events, happened in the forests on his queries.

Who told the story of Vrihi Drounika to Yudhishtira?

Vyasa had told the story of Vrihi Draunika to Yudhishtira. 

कृषिगोरक्ष्यमित्येके प्रतिपद्यन्ति मानवाः ।
पुरुषाःप्रेष्यतामेके निर्गच्चन्ति धनार्थिनः ॥

Meaning: Human beings in order to gain money or wealth work for agriculture, cows grazing or cattle farming and sometimes they work as labourers or perform service.  

पात्रे दानं स्वल्पमपि काले दत्तं युधिष्ठिर ।
मनसा सुविशुद्धेन प्रेत्यानंतफलं स्मृतम् ॥